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This type of article often try to compare a motherboard for a body part, as the patella, the gallbladder or of our favorites: of the islets of Langerhans. But that is almost as ridiculous as saying that the processor is the most important part of a PC, as if we were stupid with all these elements extra unnecessary in our PC all these years. In fact, a base plate defines a PC processor can dictate what the use, capacity expansion, capacity management memory and what the PC will be a final drive. His choice of the key board so the PC will eventually do.
The next six months will see a fundamental change in the market, too, AMD and Intel, with the introduction of the new office of the platforms. The Intel X58 provide support for the highly anticipated processor "Nehalem" – not only does the new socket (probably called something like LGA1366), but also have channel integrating voice, DDR3 memory controller, CPU and a new interconnect called QuickPath. AMD 800 Series will support until the new socket AM3.
As with all other components, motherboards have come a long way since the original IBM PC in 1981. If you are old enough to remember The first De Lorean DMC-12, perhaps the PC XT motherboard still casts a dark shadow on his memory? At the time there was no doubt wondered to see, these days, only you have to look a mess with the integration of the last thing on the minds of designers and all I / O has to be decidedly off-board.
The XT had all the same party motherboards Today, only worked a little slower. Instead of having a chip dedicated integrated, the XT used the discrete components Shelf: clock generators DMA controller, interrupt controller, keyboard and bus drivers, system timer and a real time clock to the CPU, FPU, ROM and system memory. The eleven individual integrated chips, and additional components, adding to a parent cost of a board of directors. What we recognize today as a motherboard does not appear until 1986, when a company called Chips and Technology offers a chipset solution single, driving most of the previous sections into one. Require support to a few chips, simplified motherboard design, cost reduction and have begun the trend of increasing integration.
Almost all motherboards still use a chip design, commonly called the North and Southbridge. Intel is trying to call center these days, but do not know why. This chip design balances functionality and manufacturing considerations. The Northbridge is the maximum speed, sitting between the processor bus and connection to the graphics memory – Okay, not AMD – And the bus interface. At the other end of the motherboard Southbridge handles all the I / O, ATA interfaces, USB and PCI network, all legacy interfaces such as floppy disks ISA slots and is often done through a "chip Super 10".
Chipset Manufacturers often offer southbridges alternative to the premium and budget committees. It's amazing how it has been robust. NVIDIA SLI and have offered single-chip solutions in the past, but the vast majority of characteristics shared solutions through partners. In the future, seems to be relegated the importance of Southbridge less, but still be around by least until 2010, if only to provide extra PCI Express lanes.
How the two bridges of communication? And how they manage to transfer these large
amounts of data so quickly? The original PCI bus was used, perfectly adequate when hard drives were running at 8Mb / s parallel port was a more people for high-speed external interface. But with the increasing demand Data exponentially, Intel introduced a quad-pumped bus hub dedicated ran two times faster than PCI. This proved to be a revolutionary movement: Today, each manufacturer uses such a high-speed links. It is essential that with so much data flying around the Southbridge. Intel now uses DMI clock frequency of 2 GB / S VIA V-Link, the SIS has MuTIOL HyperTransport, while it has been used by AMD and NVIDIA. Despite the different technologies, they all do the same thing: data transport at high speed. The bus system also helps to simplify the design of the motherboard such as the links of the physical connections require much smaller, resulting in faster turnaround of design, the less physical and a reduced price.
It is a recurring theme in modern motherboards parallels the old buses are replaced by new Bright, high-speed serial. The only major exception to this rule is the memory bus: a reason to love the series users – an industrial perspective, which simplifies design and reduces costs, fewer lines are easier to move around the map and the mother result in fewer layers as needed, reducing costs considerably.
Adding the most obvious advantage of the series was the introduction of PCI Express. This usurped PCI and AGP as the primary means of adding graphics and expansion cards to a PC. Attached to the south and north bridge has PCIe several pathways associated with them -16 per graphics slot offering a 4 GB / s bandwidth dollars. The new PCIe v2 standard double that rate and is supported for all the latest chipsets. The main side effect of PCI is the ability to support all of a sudden motherboards several graphics cards.
As you probably know, NVIDIA offers SLI and AMD CrossFire – the latter also supports the Intel X-range high – to support multiple GPUs. While the 16 PCIe lanes were double the norm until now, waiting for new plates to offer three slots, we are entering a period in which the GPU to accelerate physics used. So it's a case of more is better … Oh, our poor UPM smoking.
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